A Brief Overview of the So-called “Gunpowder” Notes from Maryland

By far one of the distinctive issues of the colonial period, Maryland’s “Gunpowder” notes are a window into both revolutionary sentiments and the measures taken amidst uncertainty and conflict. Issued under a resolve dated July 26, 1775, these notes were intended to promote the manufacture of gunpowder. They offer a far more distinctive composition than the simplistic forms favored by Maryland during the period.

At left, as part of a design produced by Thomas Sparrow, George III oversees the burning and occupation of an American city from a symbolic distance. The balance of the composition harkens to the possibility that peace and reconciliation could be achieved between the Colonies and Great Britain. A female allegorical figure representative of the Continental Congress hands Britannia a petition labeled CONG PETI, while American troops carrying the flag of Liberty are seen in the background.

Additional border cuts further speak to the sentiment conveyed by this design. The motto “AN APPEAL TO HEAVEN” may be seen at right opposite the Latin expression “PRO ARIS ET FOCIS” at left, which roughly translates to “For altars and the hearth,” adds a tinge of optimism.

The verso portrays a scene depicting the aforementioned figures achieving peace is observed and the Latin motto PAX TRIUMPHIS POTIOR, which roughly translates to “Peace is preferable to victory.” Such sentiment, although well-intentioned, would prove to be little more than misplaced optimism preceding a full-scale conflict.

Today these notes are seldom offered. Quality examples are conspicuously absent from most auctions with years often passing between offerings. The “Gunpowder” notes are a numismatic rarity that stands among the most distinctive issues of the period.

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